Flat form

Outlined areas read as flat planes.

Visual traits

• limited depth
• planar areas

Expected changes

• Depth cues are more likely to reduce
• Plane boundaries are more likely to read clearly

Definition

A flat form reduces emphasis on depth and roundness so outlines and areas read as planes. Material, lighting, color, and damage remain separate choices.

In more detail

It adjusts depth in the form only; it does not specify flat space, a pigment, or lighting conditions.

Includes

• planes with little apparent depth

Excludes

• volumetric forms
• material
• lighting
• color
• or damage

What this does not imply

• flat space
• a particular color
• material
• lighting
• or damage

Variability

Perceived depth varies with contour, overlap, and shading, so a condition to reduce shading can be added when needed.

Usage

• Specify form depth only

Distinguish similar expressions

• Flatten the subject's form
• not its space or material

Typical uses

• Make a subject read clearly as planes

Possible failure modes

• Volumetric shading remains
• Plane boundaries become unclear