Three-point perspective

Lines in three directions, including vertical building lines, tilt and converge toward their respective vanishing points.

Visual traits

• Three vanishing points
• Converging vertical lines
• Pronounced height and depth

Expected changes

• Vertical lines are more likely to converge upward or downward
• Height and depth are more likely to read strongly

Definition

It directs parallel lines in two horizontal directions and a vertical direction toward separate vanishing points, creating a view up or down through space. It differs from one- and two-point perspective.

In more detail

It can emphasize height and depth in tall buildings, deep streets, and interiors viewed from above or below. Subject, lens, medium, and lighting remain separately selectable.

Includes

• Perspective in which parallel lines in three directions converge toward separate vanishing points

Excludes

• One-point perspective that directs only receding lines to one point
• Orthographic projection that preserves parallel lines
• Lens distortion

What this does not imply

• A particular viewing height
• A particular lens
• Tall architecture alone

Variability

Placing the third vanishing point above or below the frame selects an upward- or downward-looking view.

Usage

• Direct parallel lines in three directions toward separate vanishing points
• Specify subject and viewing height separately

Distinguish similar expressions

• Use orthographic projection when vertical lines should remain parallel

Typical uses

• Look up at a tall building
• Look down on a street from a high position

Possible failure modes

• Vertical lines remain parallel
• Lines converge toward only one or two vanishing points